{"id":3717,"date":"2025-12-23T11:09:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T07:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/?p=3717"},"modified":"2026-01-18T09:10:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T05:40:31","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af-%d9%87%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%af-%d9%87%d8%b2%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u061b \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f4\u06f0\u06f4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 <\/strong>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 (PMI)<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06f1 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f1\u06f2\u06f2 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/tegnum.edu.pe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Project-Management-Institute-A-Guide-to-the-Project-Management-Body-of-Knowledge-PMBOK-R-Guide-PMBOK%C2%AE%EF%B8%8F-Guide-Project-Management-Institute-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f PMBOK<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>[mapsa_banner]<\/p>\n<h2>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 <strong>\u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong> :\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9<\/strong> :\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong>\u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10763 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Construction-project-cost-estimation.webp\" alt=\"\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Construction-project-cost-estimation.webp 1376w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Construction-project-cost-estimation-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Construction-project-cost-estimation-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Construction-project-cost-estimation-768x429.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong>\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85\/\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10766 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Types-of-costs-in-project-management.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Types-of-costs-in-project-management.webp 1376w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Types-of-costs-in-project-management-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Types-of-costs-in-project-management-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Types-of-costs-in-project-management-768x429.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u06f4 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u00bb \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f: <\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627: <\/strong>\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628: <\/strong>\u062f\u0642\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 (\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u06f1\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f: <\/strong>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0642\u062a: <\/strong>\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>(WBS)<\/strong> \u00a0\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627: <\/strong>\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0630\u06cc\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628: <\/strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86\/\"><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>Optimistic<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f O \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 (<\/strong><strong>Pessimistic<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong>\u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646. \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f P \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 (<\/strong><strong>Most Likely<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f M \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627 (PERT) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cost = (O + 4M + P) \/ 6<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10762 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4-main-methods-of-estimating-project-costs.webp\" alt=\"\u06f4 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4-main-methods-of-estimating-project-costs.webp 1376w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4-main-methods-of-estimating-project-costs-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4-main-methods-of-estimating-project-costs-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/4-main-methods-of-estimating-project-costs-768x429.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. (\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/delay-in-contract-costs\/\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u067e\u0633\u0627<\/strong><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.)<\/p>\n<p>[mapsa_banner2]<\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u067e\u0633\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/real-time-construction-project-reporting\/\"><strong>\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10765 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/The-role-of-software-in-cost-estimation-and-control.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/The-role-of-software-in-cost-estimation-and-control.webp 1376w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/The-role-of-software-in-cost-estimation-and-control-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/The-role-of-software-in-cost-estimation-and-control-1024x572.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/The-role-of-software-in-cost-estimation-and-control-768x429.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 <strong>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmi.org\/learning\/library\/project-estimating-accurate-labor-costs-8207\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Project Management Institute (PMI) &#8211; Cost Estimating<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.projectmanagement.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">com &#8211; Estimating Techniques<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mapsa.ir\/blog\/\">Mapsa Blog<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3>\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u00ab\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u00bb (Bottom-Up) \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06f5 \u062a\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f) \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 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